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THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIET NAM Tran Thuc, Dao Minh Trang Received: 12/8/2024; Accepted: 29/8/2024 Abstract: Global trends in inequality and climate change are closely related. The poorest and most vulnerable individuals suffer the worst effects of climate change while making the smallest contributions to the situation. Millions of people who are vulnerable are being hit disproportionately hard by the effects of climate change, including extreme weather, health issues, food, water, and livelihood security, migration and forced displacement, loss of cultural identity, and other threats. Children, people with disabilities, ethnic minorities, older people, and other socially marginalized groups are some social groups that are particularly vulnerable to crises. Their geographic locations, financial, socioeconomic, cultural, and gender statuses, as well as their access to resources, services, decision-making authority, and justice, are the core reasons of their vulnerability. The paper presents some of the social dimensions of climate change in Viet Nam, including its impacts on migration, various vulnerable subjects, human rights, health, and businesses. Comments, discussions, and suggestions have also been provided in this paper. Keywords: Climate change, social dimension, vulnerability. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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EXPERIENCE WITH GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ALLOWANCE Dao Minh Trang(1), Dang Quang Thinh(1), Doan Thi Thanh Huong(1), Received: 12/7/2024; Accepted: 13/8/2024 Abstract: This study analyzes and synthesizes international experiences in allocating greenhouse gas emission quotas, drawing lessons for Viet Nam’s developing carbon market. The research examines emission trading systems (ETS) and quota allocation methods from various countries and regions, including the European Union, Germany, Austria, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, the United States, Canada, Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, China, Japan, and New Zealand. Key findings highlight the importance of diversifying allocation methods, combining free allocation, auctioning, and benchmarking approaches. The study emphasizes the need for flexibility in system design, adapting to specific economic and social conditions of each country. Lessons learned include prioritizing high-emission reduction potential sectors, setting reasonable emission caps based on actual data, ensuring transparency in information disclosure, and establishing effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. The research also stresses the importance of providing technical support to businesses, especially small and medium enterprises, in complying with ETS regulations. Additionally, the study addresses concerns such as preventing carbon leakage, assessing social impacts, and ensuring international compatibility of the system. These insights provide a valuable foundation for Viet Nam to develop an effective greenhouse gas ETS that aligns with national conditions and sustainable development goals. Keywords: Emission trading system, grandfathering, benchmarking, auction. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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POST-EL-NIÑO WEAKENING OF COASTAL UPWELLING AND ITS ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS IN THE SOUTH-CENTRAL VIET NAM REGION Nguyen Huu Huan(1,2), Tran Van Chung(1) Received: 19/8/2024; Accepted: 13/9/2024 Abstract: Upwelling that occurs in the summer offshore of South-Central Viet Nam in the South China Sea (SCS) also known as the East Viet Nam Sea (EVS), is one of the region’s key dynamic processes. The weakening of upwelling phenomena during post-El-Niño events and their ecological responses were studied based on a reanalysis dataset derived from the HYCOM/NCODA system, coupled with a local Finite Element Model (FEM) and observed data. Long-term warming, along with orographic and wind factors, play significant roles in the formation and weakening of upwelling phenomena during normal and post-El-Niño episodes, respectively. The weakening of upwelling during post-El-Niño periods is reflected by: Extreme weakening of wind forcing and Ekman pumping; a northward shift of the cold-saline tongue and current dipole, with a limited eastward extent; dominance of northward circulation in the surface layer and westward circulation in deeper layers; and the formation of a homogeneous surface thermohaline layer of about 50 meters thick, with a thermo-halocline layer at 50-60 meters depth. These abrupt changes strongly influenced the ecological characteristics of the upwelling area. Coral bleaching during the summers of 2010 and 2016, as well as anomalous distributions of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) in the surface layer in 1998, 2003, 2010, and 2016, were concrete indicators of the ecological responses of Viet Nam’s coastal upwelling waters in post-El-Niño years. Detailed intra-seasonal variations of temperature during the summer showed a warming of the waters, leading to coral bleaching and abnormal Chl-a levels during post-El-Niño years. Organisms in this region struggled to adapt to these rapid environmental changes, leading to a potential reduction in living resources. Keywords: Weakening of upwelling, post El-Niño period, Viet Nam coastal upwelling, coral bleaching, South China Sea/East Viet Nam Sea. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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REDUCING FLOOD RISK THROUGH DESIGN SCENARIOS FOR HEAVY RAIN, TIDES, AND URBANIZATION IN CAI RANG DISTRICT, CAN THO CITY: PROPOSED SOLUTIONS Nguyen Van Hong(1), Nguyen Thao Hien(1), Le Xuan Hoa(1), Received: 25/7/2024; Accepted: 29/8/2024 Abstract: Urbanization often comes with flooding problems. The objective and subjective reasons why this situation persists and becomes increasingly serious are climate change and the concretization process. Currently, many studies have proposed solutions to forecast and warn of rain and tide causing urban flooding or methods to reduce flooding with sustainable green buildings. However, these solutions are all built on the old urban foundation, so flooding continues and the effectiveness of flood reduction is not high. In this article, the authors research the new urban area of Nam Can Tho, Cai Rang district, Can Tho City. This area is in the process of planning for infrastructure construction, so initial solutions have been proposed. Preventing flood risks caused by uncontrolled and unsynchronized urbanization is extremely necessary. Keywords: Urban flooding, design scenario, SWMM, LID, Can Tho. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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UTILIZATION OF STABLE ISOTOPES FOR INVESTIGATING SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER INTERACTION: A CASE STUDY IN THE THACH HAN RIVER REGION Tran Thanh Le, Le Thi Thuong, Pham Quy Nhan Received: 6/6/2024; Accepted: 19/7/2024 Abstract: Investigation of GW-SW is crucial in hydrology and water resource management, employing diverse methodologies. This study integrates hydrogeological measurements and isotopic techniques to assess water sources, using δ2H and δ18O values. In the Thach Han River region of central Viet Nam, challenges like declining groundwater levels and salinization persist. During the dry season, groundwater recharge mainly comes from reservoir water for about 7 months. Base flow contributes 80-85% to streamflow in the rainy season, rising to 100% in the dry season, with an average travel time estimated at 120 ± 10 days. Keywords: Stable Isotopes, δ2H và δ18O, Surface water and groundwater interaction, Thach Han river’s region. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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EVALUATING CUT SLOPE STABILITY DURING RAINFALL EVENTS Do Minh Hien(1), Quach Duc Tin(1) Received: 01/8/2024; Accepted: 23/8/2024 Abstract: The main objective of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of triggering slope failures during extreme rainfall events under the climatic and geological conditions of Ha Giang city, Viet Nam. For this purpose, the specific research objectives of this paper were based on the analytic results of the geotechnical properties of the soil samples. The pore water pressure distribution on a slope was changed by the influence of rainfall. In order to analyze the stability of the cut slopes, the two modules SEEP/W and SLOPE/W in the GEOSTUDIO 2012 software were employed and integrated. First, the initial steady seepage condition was used to assess the effect of extreme rainfall for a transient seepage. Second, the soil sample properties and some features were assigned in the slope stability model, such as unit weight, cohesion, internal friction angle, and hydraulic functions, and then the achieved transient pore water pressure regime was used as the input parameter to calculate the factor of safety (FS) on cut slopes. Finally, the relationship between the changing of the FS over time and the hourly rainfall intensity that resulted in slope failure were evaluated. In summary, the slopes in Ha Giang city can be stable under normal conditions, but their stability is always a dilemma for local authorities due to the influence of intense rainfall. Keywords: Factor of safety, landslides, rainfall intensity, cut slope, SEEP/W-SLOPE/W. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO SELECTION AND ORIENTATION PROPOSAL FOR KEY ECONOMIC SECTORS SUPPORTING THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF DIEN BIEN PROVINCIAL PLANNING (2021-2030) WITH A VISION TO 2050 Doan Ha Phong, Ta Thu Hang, Doan Manh Hung, Tran Viet Tung Received: 12/8/2024; Accepted: 26/8/2024 Abstract: The Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) for the “Dien Bien Provincial Planning for the 2021-2030 period, with a vision to 2050” is conducted on the basis of Viet Nam’s legislative framework, national and regional planning, as well as the economic development orientation of Dien Bien province. In this article, potentially environmentally impacting content of the planning will be discussed, in which, development scenarios will be proposed and feasible scenario for the development of Dien Bien Province, the development targets, and orientations of important economic sectors will be selected. Three growth scenarios have been proposed for Dien Bien Province: the baseline scenario, the high growth scenario, and the breakthrough scenario. The most feasible one is the high growth scenario. In this scenario, the main specific targets by 2030 are: The average economic growth rate in the 2021-2030 period is 10.51%/year, in which the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector and the industry – construction sector will grow at the rate of 6.54% and 18.64%/year, respectively, in which the figure for the industry sector is 17.30%/year and that of the service sector is 7.15%/year. Regarding the economic structure by 2030, the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector will account for 12.0%; the industry – construction sector will account for 44.3% (in which the share of the industry sector is 15.4%) and the figure for the service sector is 39.6% of the province’s Gross National Produc (GRDP). The research oriented the development of a number of important sectors such as: industry, construction, tourism, trade and services, and agriculture, forestry and fishery. Selecting feasible development scenarios with specific targets will contribute significantly to proposing development orientations for sectors having great impacts on the environment to support the SEA of Dien Bien Provincial Planning for the 2021-2030 period, with a vision to 2050. Keywords: Planning, SEA, development scenario, development orientation, growth rate. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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ESTIMATION OF NITRIC ACID GAS DRY DEPOSITION IN VIET NAM Doan Ha Phong, Nguyen Thu Minh , Nguyen Thi Kim Anh, Doan Manh Hung Received: 02/8/2024; Accepted: 29/8/2024 Abstract: This article uses dry deposition calculating method to estimate Nitric acid (HNO3) gas dry deposition and analyze, evaluate trend of HNO3 gas dry deposition in recent years. The results present that HNO3 gas concentration is from 0.02 to 0.83 ppb and Yen Bai site has the highest HNO3 gas emission in 2020 and 2021. High HNO3 gas emission focuses on summer and spring at Northern’s sites. HNO3 gas emission at Southern sites is lower than that of Northern ones. HNO3 gas dry deposition is from 6.63 kg/ha/year to 10.26 kg/ha/year and the highest HNO3 gas dry deposition value is in 2021. Ha Noi site has the highest HNO3 gas dry deposition value in 2019, 2020, and 2022 while Yen Bai site is in 2021 and 2023. HNO3 gas dry deposition value at Southern sites is lower than Northern sites. The highest monthly HNO3 gas dry deposition is from June to August at Yen Bai site in 2021 and May in 2020. Annual average HNO3 gas dry deposition of 2021 is higher than other years. HNO3 gas dry deposition in recent years has an increasing trend. Keywords: Nitric acid gas, dry deposition, HNO3 deposition trend. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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EVALUATION OF THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND ACCUMULATION OF ARSENIC IN SOIL AT THE CORNER OF THE RUNWAY AT BIEN HOA AIRBASE, VIET NAM Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao(1,4), Dinh Van Huy(1), Quach Duc Tin(1), Received: 17/6/2024; Accepted: 16/7/2024 Abstract: The primary source of arsenic in soil is a combination of anthropogenic and natural weathering processes. The increased concentration of arsenic is a major issue due to its possible negative impacts on both ecosystems and human health. Considering these issues, this work conducts a rigorous and extensive investigation into the intricate dynamics of arsenic accumulation and contamination levels within soil matrices. The focus of this investigation is especially urgent, particularly in the context of the dioxin-contaminated environment. Specifically, the soil environment at Bien Hoa Airbase exhibits high levels of dioxin contamination. A look at the values of the contamination factor, which ranges from 2.8 to 17.3, suggests indicators of a non-natural origin for the arsenic found in the soils. In addition, the arsenic quantities measured vary significantly, ranging from 9.9 mg/kg to 66.2 mg/kg, and the high accumulation distributed almost the Northeast of the study site. This observed range exceeds the World Health Organization’s (WHO) and Viet Nam’s regulatory guidelines. The contamination level is much higher than the background arsenic concentration. These results emphasize how critical it is to address and lessen the effects of anthropogenic arsenic pollution on the ecosystem and public health. Keywords: Arsenic, concentration, ecological risk, contamination factor, Bien Hoa airbase. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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A STUDY ON SALTWATER INTRUSION RISK ASSESSMENT Tran Minh Tuan, Ninh Van Binh, Bui Van Cuong, Le Van Thinh, Received: 22/7/2024; Accepted: 21/8/2024 Abstract: The study has developed a set of criteria for assessing saltwater intrusion risk at commune level for Tien Giang province, a region with a relatively well-developed irrigation system, in three periods including present, 2030s and 2050s. The criteria for occurrence time of saltwater intrusion event have been added to show the impact of saltwater intrusion on agricultural production. The results show that the level of risk tends to increase from East to West, and the area at a very high level of risk gradually expands to the East over time. By 2050s, all communes in Tien Giang province show moderate to very high levels of risk due to saltwater intrusion. The study shows the influence of the irrigation system in reflecting the severity of saltwater intrusion in the area, through the opening/closing time of sluice gates, regulation systems of fresh water and the water storing capacity for production during saltwater intrusion event. Keywords: Saltwater intrusion, risk assessment, criteria set, agriculture, Mekong Delta. Tải bài viết: TẠI ĐÂY |
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